Dive into the savory world of charcuterie with a traditional European delicacy that might surprise you—head cheese. Despite its name, head cheese is not a dairy product. Instead, it's a seasoned, jellied meat concoction crafted from the flesh of a pig's head, and sometimes from calves, sheep, or cows. Head cheese is a testament to the historical "nose-to-tail" eating philosophy, ensuring no part of the animal goes to waste. Often molded into a sausage-like shape or a terrine, head cheese is savored cold or at room temperature, with its gelatinous texture holding the rich, herby flavors. For those curious about what is head cheese, it's a unique blend of culinary tradition and resourceful cooking that offers a glimpse into the past and a taste that endures.
To prepare head cheese, the cook must procure the head of a freshly slaughtered pig or calf. The head must be carefully washed and scraped clean. If the head is a pig’s, the bristles are shaved or plucked. If another animal, such as a calf or cow, the head is skinned. The head is split or quartered and the eyes are removed and usually discarded. The ears are removed and the ear canals cleaned of wax.
To make head cheese, the split or quartered head is then simmered in a large stockpot until the meat is so tender that it falls off the bone. The skull is removed from the cooking liquid and allowed to cool enough so that it can be handled. The meat is then picked off the skull and chopped.
Seasonings and sometimes vegetables are added to the chopped meat. The cooking liquid is strained and added to the chopped meat. The cooled meat mixture is then poured into pans or molds and refrigerated until set. The collagen that has leached into the cooking liquid from the marrow and cartilage of the head will gel the stock upon cooling. When cold and solidified, the head cheese is removed from the mold, sliced, and served.
The cooking process is where head cheeses diverge according to culture and taste. Some cooks add a pig’s foot along with the skull for added collagen. Ingredients vary by culture and region, thus altering the color of the head cheese accordingly. In Southern Louisiana, in the United States, head cheese, also known as souse, is traditionally flavored with vinegar and hot sauce. Vinegary Pennsylvania Dutch souse is also made with the addition of a pig’s foot, and occasionally the tongue of the animal.
Germany’s presskopf features vinegar or pickles and may also contain beef tongue. Denmark’s sylte is spiced with thyme, allspice, and bay leaves and served with pickled beets and mustard. Head cheese in England is called brawn, and in Scotland, it goes by the name potted heid. In Latin America, you can find it on the menu as queso de cabeza, and in Mexican markets, look for queso de puerco. Head cheese is also available in Hungary, disznósajt; Croatia, tlačenica; and Estonia, sült. The latter variety of head cheese often features the addition of green vegetables and carrots.
Modern cooks who wish to produce their own head cheese but lack ready access to a fresh pig’s head can substitute pork shoulder and unflavored gelatin. Also, varieties of head cheese are made that contain no red meat but instead are made with chicken and fish.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is head cheese made of?
Head cheese is a meat product made from various parts of the head of a calf, pig, or sheep, such as the brain, eyes, tongue, and ears. The meat is cooked in a flavorful broth and then compressed into a loaf or jelly. It can be sliced and served as a cold cut, used as a spread, or used in other recipes like sandwiches.
What are the flavor and texture of head cheese?
Head cheese has a distinct texture, is firm and gelatinous, and has a combination of savory and sweet flavors. It has a mix of flavors from the different meats used in the recipe and is often seasoned with herbs and spices like pepper, allspice, thyme, and parsley. Its taste is similar to potted meat, but with a more intense flavor.
Is head cheese a healthy food?
Head cheese is high in cholesterol and saturated fat and is not typically considered a healthy food. It is a source of protein, but it should be consumed in moderation, accompanied by other healthy foods.
How should head cheese be stored?
Head cheese should be stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks, tightly wrapped in plastic wrap or aluminum foil to prevent it from drying out. It can also be frozen for up to three months.
How is head cheese served?
Head cheese can be served cold or at room temperature as a cold cut, part of a larger dish, or used in recipes such as soups and stews. It is often paired with crackers, bread, or vegetables, and can be used as a spread for sandwiches or as a topping for salads.